地理1 2地球上的大气和水（Geography 12 the earths atmosphere and water）.docVIP

地理1 2地球上的大气和水（Geography 12 the earths atmosphere and water） The second chapter is about the material movement and energy exchange in the natural environment 2.1 the composition and circulation of matter in the earths crust 1. Composition and circulation of crustal materials (1) a mineral consisting of rocks Elements: from more to less oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and so on Combine into a single substance or compound Mineral: the most basic unit of rock, the main rock forming minerals are quartz, mica, feldspar, calcite and so on Accumulation of igneous rock: there are two forms of intrusive rock and extrusive rock, typical intrusive rocks: granite, extrusive rock: Xuan Wuyan Sedimentary rock: having a bedding structure, often containing fossils, including limestone (shale, shale, sandstone, conglomerate, etc) Metamorphic rock, such as marble, quartzite, or slate, formed by metamorphism (2) From magma to the formation of various rocks and to the formation of new magmas, this process is the cycle of matter in the earths crust. Attention should be paid to the name of the action of the arrow during rock conversion. The energy that promotes the circulation of the earths crust: the heat (internal energy) produced by the decay of radioactive material in the earth The circulation of crustal material 2.2 surface form of the earth A: geological action: according to different sources of energy, divided into internal force (the earths internal energy) and external force (mainly solar energy) Internal force action: crustal movement, magmatic activity, metamorphism, earthquake, etc. External force: weathering, erosion, transport, deposition, consolidation into rock, mud rock flow, landslides, landslides are also external force. Two: the role of internal forces and surface morphology 1, the basic argument of plate tectonics: (1) the lithosphere of the whole is not a whole, and can be divided into six basic plates (names and distributions).