introduction写作方法及技巧.doc

科技学术论文Introduction 引言的主要内容是交代此项研究的来龙去脉，简要说明课题的缘起与背景，性质与意义，动机与目的、主要理论根据及其基本原理等，同时指出相关领域内前任的研究成果、存在问题和知识空白，以表明本项研究的连续性和需要性，叙述有关本课题的历史沿革是为了温故而知新，但应注意掌握适当的范围和尺度，一般来说仅需要介绍极密切的有关史料即可，不宜泛泛赘述大量历史文献，否则会造成Introduction长而乏味。 first：提出研究现状和此研究的重要性 ：强调有必要解决存在的问题 ：介绍作者自己的研究内容 逻辑的连贯 内容的创新 词汇简洁 时态 1. What is an introduction? The introduction section shows the questions that should be answered for the readers once they finish reading the “Introduction”. 2. What’s the purpose of the introduction? The introduction comes at the start of a piece of writing. Without this part, the reader cannot easily understand the more detailed information about the research that comes later in the thesis. It introduces: （1）.the research by situating it (by giving background), （2）.presenting the research problem , and saying how and why this problem will be solved , （3）.explaining why the research is being done. (rationale) which is crucial for the reader to understand the significance of the study. 3. How should I start? You may want to start your introduction by describing the problem you are trying to solve, or the aim of your work 4. How to build a model of introduction? Read the following introduction and decide what the author tells us in each sentence. 5. The model of introduction. (1) establishes the importance of this research topic 确立研究主题的重要性 (2) provides general background information for the reader. 为读者提供总体的背景信息 (3) in a more specific/detailed way, using research references to support both the background facts and the claim for significance. 与第1、2句的做法一样，但是更具体 (4) describes the general problem area or the current research focus of the field. 描述了所研究领域的一般性问题或当前的研究焦点 (5) provides a transition between the general problem area and the literature review 提供了总体问题领域到文献综述之间的一个过渡 (6) provides a brief overview of key research projects in this area. 概述了此研究领域重要的研究项目 (7) describes a gap in the research 描述了已有研究的空白 (8) describes the paper itself 描述了论文本身的工作 (9) gives details about the methodology 详