某高矿化度砂岩型铀矿地浸开采堵塞机理的研究.docVIP

某高矿化度砂岩型铀矿地浸开采堵塞机理的研究 焦学然1,2，孙占学3，张霞2 （1.中国地质大学（北京），北京 100083；2.河南城建学院，河南平顶山 467044；3.东华理工大学，江西抚州 344000） 摘要：新疆某高矿化度地下水分布区砂岩型铀矿采用酸法和碱法地浸出现堵塞，采用地球化学模式PHREEQCI模拟和实验研究的方法进行了探讨。表明堵塞主要是因为地下水的矿化度、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-、HCO3-浓度过高，分别为8~12 gL、386.17~775.95 mgL、250.83~377.21 mgL、2 036.47~2 436.08 mgL、108.66~527.55 mgL，方解石和石膏临近饱和状态；采用酸法和碱法地浸工艺分别会产生石膏和方解石沉淀而引起化学堵塞。该砂岩型铀矿采用稀释或水处理—弱碱性地浸工艺。 关键词：地浸采铀；高矿化度地下水分布区；堵塞；地球化学模式 on Blockage Mechanism of In-situ Leaching Sandstone-type Uranium Mining in High-TDS Groundwater Area JIAO Xue-ran1,2, SUN Zhan-xue3, ZHANG Xia2 (1. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467044, Henan, China; 3.East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi, China) Abstract: Blockage tended to occur in high-TDS groundwater area in Xinjiang, China when sandstone-type uranium deposit was acid or alkaline in-situ leached of uranium. The blockage mechanism was discussed based on geochemical simulation PHREEQCI and a series of in-lab experiments. The results show that the main factors to cause blockage are high concentration of TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, and HCO3- in groundwater, which are 8~12 g/L, 386.17~775.95 mg/L, 250.83~377.21 mg/L, 2 036.47~2 436.08 mg/L and 108.66~527.55 mg/L, respectively. Calcite and gypsum are close to saturation state. chemical jamming occurs with the formation of calcite and gypsum deposit respectively produced by acid or alkaline in-situ leaching of uranium. The dilution or treatment-weak alkaline technologies are feasible to treat sandstone uranium ores. Key words: in-situ leaching of uranium; high-TDS groundwater area; blockage; geochemical model 原地浸出(以下简称地浸)采矿又称为化学采矿，它集采矿、选矿、冶金于一体，是世纪70年代后发展起来的一种新的采矿技术该将溶浸液直接注入地下含矿岩层中，利用矿物与水溶液的化学反应来获取有用金属和化合物[12]，具有基建投资少生产成本低建设周期短资源回收率高保护地表生态环境等优点。目前应用最广泛和成功的是地浸采铀，俄罗斯和我国主要是采用酸法地浸采铀，美国、澳大利亚等国主要采用碱法地浸采铀[3-12]。但常规的酸法和碱法地浸工艺无法解决低渗透砂岩型铀矿床、高矿化度地下水条件下的砂岩型铀矿床、低品位砂岩型铀矿床等方面的开采问题，所以此类砂岩型铀矿床开采技术的研究已成为当前的发展方向和重点[13-18]。在我国新疆某高矿化度地下水地区发现一个砂岩型铀