全球化和国际贸易.doc

全 球 化 与 国 际 贸 易 学院：经济与管理学院 班级：信息管理与信息系统10—01 学号：541006040125 姓名：刘明 Absolute advantage and comparative advantage have a lot in common. First, whether absolute advantage theory and the theory of comparative advantage all belong to the category of technical difference theory. Second, they both use the method of comparison to illustrate reasons. Third, they are based on the difference of labor productivity. Besides, they all have their own limitations and needs to be further developed. Of course, they also have a lot of different places. The conditions which they assume are different. They compare different contents and methods and apply different range. The most important thing, if it has the absolute advantage, it must have a comparative advantage, otherwise, this is not true. The Heckscher–Ohlin model (H–O model) is general equilibrium mathematical model of international trade, developed by Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin at the Stockholm School of Economics. It builds on David Ricardos theory of comparative advantage by predicting patterns of commerce and production based on the factor endowments of a trading region. The model essentially says that countries will export products that use their abundant and cheap factor(s) of production and import products that use the countries scarce factors.The core ideas of Heckscher-ohlin model are the Factor-Price Equalization Thevrem and the lenotief paradox.The model of comparative advantage has trade ultimately motivated by differences in labour productivity using different technologies.Heckscher and chlin didn’t require production technology to vary between country,so the H-O model has identical production technology everywhere.The H-O model removed technology variations but introdcced variable captial endowments,recreating endogenously the inter-country variation of labour productivity that ricardo had imposed exogenously. Tariff,import quotas,discrimi