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进出口业实务-unit one
国际贸易实务教案
Chapter 1 Brief Introduction to International Trade
1.1 Reasons for international trade
1.1.1 Resources Reasons P 1-3
(1) Favorable climate conditions and terrain.
For example: Colombia and Brazil growing coffee beans.
(2) Natural resources.
For example: the Middle East rich oil reserves over 50% of the world total reserves, 40% of the world total output.
(3) Skilled workers and capital resources.
For example: 1. Japan , and western European countries skilled workers, manufacture sophisticated equipment and machinery.
2. the developing countries lack of capital(advanced machinery plant ), to modernize their industries and economies.
(4) Favorable geographic location and transportation costs.
For example: trade relationshiop 1. Sino- Janpanese (geographic proximity and low transport cost).
2. the members of European Union
(5) Insufficient production
1.1.2 Economic Reasons P 3-5
(1) Comparative advantage
For example P3-5 Comparative-Cost Example
(2) Strong domestic demand
(3) Innovation or style
1.1.3 Political Reasons P 5
1.2 Benefits of international trade P 6-7
1. Cheaper goods
2. Greater variety when goods come from more countries
3. Wider market with increasing number of trading partners
4. Growth of economy
1.3 Problems Concerning International Trade P 7-11
1. Cultural Problems P 11
(1) Language.
(2) Customs and manners.
2. Monetary Conversions P 11
For example: currencies (hard , soft) ; exchange rate.
3. Trade restrictions P 7
(1) Reasons for trade restriction diversified economy, infant industry and mature industry, political reason.
Individual countries put controls on trade for the following three reasons:
To correct a balance-of-payments deficit.
For reasons of national security.
To protect their own industries against the competition of foreign goods.
(2) Trade Barriers kinds of restrictions
Tariffs a duty or fee levied
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