凝结与沸腾换热-传热学--09分析.ppt

Definitions of flow regimes Bubbly flow: The gas is dispersed as small bubbles in the continuous liquid. The bubbles may have different shapes and sizes but they are smaller than the pipe diameter. Definitions of flow regimes Slug flow: As the volume fraction of the vapor increases, individual bubbles coalesce to form big bubbles, of a size similar to the pipe diameter. These are called Taylor bubbles. The Taylor bubbles are separated by liquid slugs, which may have smaller bubbles in it. The Taylor bubbles are separated from the wall by a falling liquid film. Definitions of flow regimes Churn flow: When the velocity of the flow is increased, the slugs break-down into a seemingly unstable regime. Liquid may be flowing up and down in an oscillatory fashion. This is a flow regime in between the slug flow and annular flow. The churn flow regime can not be found in small diameter pipe. Definitions of flow regimes Annular flow: The bulk of the liquid flows on the wall, as a film and the gas is the continuous phase at the center of the pipe. Normally there is some liquid entrained in the continuous phase in the form of small droplets, and there may be some gas in the liquid film in the form of bubbles. Definitions of flow regimes Mist flow: Mist flow regime occurs when the velocity of gas is extremely high and the velocity of liquid is very low. At this moment, liquid is dispersed as small droplets in the continuous gas. 练习题 压力为1.013×105Pa的水蒸汽在垂直的方形平壁上凝结, 壁的尺寸为300×300 mm, 壁面保持98℃。试计算每小时的换热量和每小时的凝结蒸汽量。已知水蒸汽在压力为1.013×105Pa下的饱和温度为100℃，汽化潜热 r = 2255 kJ/kg;饱和液在99℃时的物性参数为：ρl=960kg/m3；μl= 2.82×10-4 kg/(m·s);λl=0.68 W/(m·K)。 练习题 两根管子，A管内径16mm，B管内径30mm，当同一种流体流过时，A管内流体的体积流量是B管内的两倍，已知两管温度场完全相似,问管内流态是否相似？如不相似，在流量上采取什么措施才能使之相似？ 试比较逆流与顺流时的对数平均温差，已知热流体由300℃冷却至150℃，而冷流体由50℃被加热至100℃，并与算术平均温差比较。 练习题 一蒸汽管道,内外直径分别为160 mm和170 mm，管壁导热系数λ=58 W/(m·K)。为了减少热损失，在管道外包有两层保温材料：第一层厚度δ2=30 mm，λ2=0.093 W/(m·K)；第二层厚度δ3=40 mm，λ3=0.17 W/(m·K)。蒸汽管的内表面温度tw1=300 ℃，保温层外表面温度tw4=50 ℃。试求（1）各层热阻；（2）每米长