剑桥金融财务英语part2accounting分析.pptVIP

2.1 Accounting、bookkeeping、auditing Accounting involves recording and summarizing an organization’s transactions or business deals, such as purchases and sales, and reporting them in the form of financial statement. (P12) 会计涉及到记账以及对一个组织的业务交易进行总结，比如购买与销售，以财务报表的形式进行汇报。 Bookkeeping is the day-to-day recording of transactions. （P12） “ Double-entry accounting is based on a simple concept: each party in a business transaction will receive something and give something in return. Double-entry bookkeeping is a system that records two aspects of every transaction. In bookkeeping terms, what is received is a debit and what is given is a credit. （P14） Debit n. 借,借方,借记 Debit card 借记卡 v. 计入借方,借计 Debit an account 计入借方账 Credit n. 贷,贷方,贷记 Credit card 贷记卡 v. 计入贷方,贷计 Credit an account 计入贷方账 The double-entry system uses a series of ledger accounts.(分类帐帐户) A ledger account is created for every category of income, expenditure, asset and liability, plus the capital account. Ledger accounts are represented by ‘T-accounts’. The T account is a representation of a scale or balance.” T-account T-account: a simplest form of an account, used to illustrate the effect of transaction. Exercises Double-entry accounting means to record the dual effects of each business transaction. Cost accounting （P40） is a management information system which establishes stock valuation ,profits and balance sheet items as well as a system for planning, control and decision making. Cost accounting involves calculating the costs, so that the company managers can know what prices to charge for particular products and services and which are the most profitable. Structure of manufacturing organization  Comparing Merchandising and Manufacturing Activities Merchandisers . . . Buy finished goods. Sell finished goods. Manufacturers . . . Buy raw materials. Produce and sell finished goods. Cost centers are collecting places for costs before they are further analyzed,in general