概述-自然之友.PDF

两岸垃圾政策实务交流与循环型经济产业调研 系列一 台湾垃圾全记录报告 自然之友 台湾绿色公民行动联盟 目录： 第一章 概论···················································2 第二章 法规政策的演变····································4 2.1 垃圾管理政策变迁···················································································4 2.2 民间焚烧厂替代方案联盟的政策推力··························································8 2.3废弃物政策高峰会的政策推力···································································11 2.4 台湾焚烧厂政策的反思············································································15 2.5 台湾社会面对二恶英风险与标准订定·························································19 第三章 经济手段···········································21 3.1台湾垃圾收费制度的经验·········································································21 3.2台湾限塑政策经验··················································································24 3.3资源回收制度下的责任与分工···································································29 第四章 民众参与垃圾政策变革的案例整理··········33 4.1 民间协助厨余公告为法定回收物································································33 4.2 民众参与：对既有垃圾处理设施的监督与参与模式·······································34 4.3 民众对新设垃圾处理设施的公民行动·························································41 第五章 综合分析-台湾从垃圾中学到的四堂课······48 附录一 台湾垃圾史大事记·······························50 1 第一章 概论 废弃物处在人类圈与生态圈的交接之处，失当的废弃物管理系统，将导致环境污染以及 资源误用。此外，废弃物管理中牵涉的子系统甚广，对民众的日常生活亦有直接影响。前者 如由填埋场、焚烧厂、废弃物转运站等不受欢迎的土地利用（LocallyUnwantedLandUse, LULU）的选址争议引起的抗争；后者则如垃圾不落地、随袋征收、限塑政策等，均需民众 改变其既定行为模式。因而废弃物管理已成为一争议性极高的公共政策。 台湾垃圾管理 回溯台湾的垃圾管理政策，必须从1984年起，当时正推动卫生填埋场的设置，以解决 随地弃置的问题。而在1985年发生的内湖垃圾山大火，让台湾社会初次了解到垃圾处理的 宏观层次，并非仅仅居家与街道整洁与否，而需更深究其环境保护的意义。值得一提的是， 从1987年起，主妇联盟即针对宝特瓶的大量使用提出抗议，要求政府改善，成为台湾首个 开展垃圾管理监督的民间团体。 1990年起，台湾的中央环保主管机关开始进行垃圾焚烧厂的规划，推动环保火精灵计 划。此时亦着手征收垃圾费，并开始建立资源回收四合一制度。 1994年因各地垃圾填埋 场即将达到容量上限，导致垃圾大战，亦致使环保主管机关，决定