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Reading concordance lines: search for units of meaning and the extended units of meaning Li Wenzhong The value of reading concordance lines The principal unit of meaning is called the lexical item. (Sinclair, 2005, meaning in the framework of corpus linguistics, p. 182) words enter into meaningful relations with other words around them The evidence [corpus] suggests not only that words are coselected with other words to form complex lexical structures called lexical items, but also that the citation of a lexical item in its full form normally realises just a single meaning, and therefore the process of incorporating relevant cotext into the item removes ambiguity (ibid). the creation of meaning is not predetermined. meaning is provisional..., and some ad hoc interpretation is necessary (ibid, p. 183). The value of reading concordance lines the origin of meaning is in the text, the selection and coselection of words. (ibid, p. 184) One of the key properties of language is paraphrase (ibid, p.194). The units of meaning and the extended units of meaning Complete freedom of choice, then, of a single word is rare. So is complete determination. (Sinclair, 1996, 2000, 2006, The search for the units of meaning, pp. 3-29) The Open Choice Principle: the terminological tendency, which is the tendency for a word to have a fixed meaning in reference to the world [rare and marginal]. The Idiom Principle: the phraseological tendency, where words tend to go together and make meanings by their combinations. The units of meaning can be extended Considerations Single words as unit of meaning analysis Whenever a word is used in repeated communications and in variable contexts, its meaning (reference to the reality) is likely to ramify an