台湾清华大学生命科学第三十九讲(焦传金教授)分析.pptx

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Key concepts Nutrients and food processing Homeostasis (balance): energy Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Overview: The Need to Feed • Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition • In general, animals fall into three categories: – Herbivores eat mainly autotrophs (plants and algae) – Carnivores eat other animals – Omnivores regularly consume animals as well as plants or algal matter Fig. 41-1 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Concept 41.1: An animal’s diet must supply chemical energy, organic molecules, and essential nutrients • An animal’s diet provides chemical energy, which is converted into ATP and powers processes in the body • Animals need a source of organic carbon and organic nitrogen in order to construct organic molecules • Essential nutrients are required by cells and must be obtained from dietary sources Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Essential Nutrients • There are four classes of essential nutrients: – Essential amino acids – Essential fatty acids – Vitamins – Minerals Beans and other legumes Corn (maize) and other grains Fig. 41-2 Essential amino acids for adults Isoleucine Tryptophan Lysine Methionine Valine Threonine Phenylalanine Leucine Fig. 41-3 Some animals have adaptations that help them through periods when their bodies demand extraordinary amounts of protein Table 41-1 Table 41-2 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Dietary Deficiencies