浅议荧光光谱法在水质监测中应用.docVIP

浅议荧光光谱法在水质监测中应用摘要：普通自来水、城市污水和纯水我们通常会选用荧光光谱法来进行比较，而荧光光谱法的特点则适用于这三种荧光光谱法的实验运用。在同一紫外光激励下，普通自来水和纯水所产生的荧光光谱无明显差异，而城市污水与纯水比较所产生的荧光光谱有明显差异；以不同波长的紫外光激励，城市污水以及纯水水样的荧光光谱除相对强度有所变化外，线形、峰值波长基本不变，符合荧光光谱的一般特性。城市污水在波长270nm左右的紫外光激励下能产生较强的荧光。荧光峰是280--530nm范围的宽谱峰，荧光峰值波长在380nm左右；荧光光谱的特性反映水质的污染状况，相对强度大、谱峰范围宽的荧光光谱来自于城市污水中的有机污染物。关键词：荧光光谱，水质监测，光谱法应用 Abstract: ordinary tap water, urban sewage and pure water we usually choose fluorescence spectrometry compared to, and fluorescence spectrometry is applicable to the characteristics of the three fluorescence spectrometry experimental use. In the same ultraviolet excitation, ordinary tap water and pure water has no obvious difference fluorescence spectrum, and urban sewage and pure water is produced by the fluorescence spectrum have obvious difference; With a different wavelength of ultraviolet incentive, urban sewage water and pure water of fluorescence spectrum except the relative intensity of the change, linear, the peak wavelength basic unchanged, accord with fluorescence spectrum of the general properties. Urban sewage in the 270 nm wavelength of ultraviolet light around excitation can produce strong fluorescence. Fluorescence peak is 280-530 nm range of wide spectrum peak, fluorescence peak wavelength in the 380 nm or so; Fluorescence spectrum characteristics of the water quality of the reflect pollution condition, the relative strength, wide range of spectral peak of fluorescence spectrum from urban sewage of organic pollutants. Keywords: fluorescence spectrum, and water quality monitoring, spectroscopy application 中图分类号：TL271+.5文献标识码：A 文章编号： 随着改革开放以来，工业的快速发展使城市堆积越来越多污染物，而这些污染物流入到河流中去不仅使环境受到威胁，而且更重要的是对人类的饮用水造成威胁。快速真实地监测水质变化以便及时发现污染事件并采取相应的措施尤为重要。目前，我国环境监测部门多采用常规的化学手段分析水质状况(如COD、BOD的测定等)。然而，随着污染情况的日益复杂和人们对污染监测指标要求的不断变化，此类方法暴露出许多不足。比如，上述测试十分费时，步骤也很繁杂，不能及时监测水质的实时变化。为此，环境监测部门迫切需要新的监测技术手段，以克服传统检测方法的许多不足。荧光光谱分析法作为水质分析手段之一，具有快速、高灵敏度、高选择性、所需样品量少和对样品结构无破坏等特点。分子荧光光谱法为大型湖泊和河流的水质监测提供了潜在应用的可能，国外对此研究开展较早，并取得了迅猛的发展和应用，利用荧光光谱技术可以快速、实时地分析各种水质状