boltzmann-gibbs entropy axiomatic characterization and application波尔兹曼吉布斯熵公理化特性和应用.pdfVIP

Internat. J. Math. Math. Sci. Vol. 23, No. 4 (2000) 243–251 S0161171200000375 © Hindawi Publishing Corp. BOLTZMANN-GIBBS ENTROPY: AXIOMATIC CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION C. G. CHAKRABARTI and KAJAL DE (Received 15 August 1997 and in revised form 10 April 1998) Abstract. We present axiomatic characterizations of both Boltzmann and Gibbs entropies together with an application. Keywords and phrases. Degree of disorder, Boltzmann entropy, Gibbs entropy, axiomatic characterization, total entropy. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 82B03. 1. Introduction. The concept of entropy is fundamental in the foundation of sta- tistical physics. It first appeared in thermodynamics through the second law of ther- modynamics. The notion of entropy has been broadened by the advent of statistical mechanics and has been still further broadened by the later advent of information theory. In statistical mechanics, Boltzmann was the first to give a statistical or a probabilis- tic definition of entropy. Boltzmann entropy is defined for a macroscopic state of a system while Gibbs entropy is defined over an ensemble, that is over the probabil- ity distribution of macrostates. Both Boltzmann and Gibbs entropies are, in fact, the pillars of the foundation of statistical mechanics and are the basis of all the entropy concepts in modern physics. A lot of work on the mathematical analysis and practical applications of both Boltzmann and Gibbs entropies was done [13], yet the subject is not closed, but is open awaiting a lot of work on their characterization, interpretation, and generalization. In this paper, we have considered three problems. The first is the axiomatic charac- terization of Boltzmann entropy. Basis of this characterization is the Carnop’s notion of “degree of disorder” [2]. The second is