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Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism Volume 2012, Article ID 381713, 10 pages doi:10.1155/2012/381713 Review Article Choosing between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Pharmacological Perspective Dominique Xavier Brown and Marc Evans Department of Diabetes, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff CF64 2XX, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Dominique Xavier Brown, browndx@cf.ac.uk Received 7 August 2012; Accepted 21 September 2012 Academic Editor: Maurizio Muscaritoli Copyright © 2012 D. X. Brown and M. Evans. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In recent years the incretin therapies have provided a new treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The incretin therapies focus on the increasing levels of the two incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose- dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). This results in increased glucose dependent insulin synthesis and release. GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide and exenatide exert an intrinsic biological effect on GLP-1 receptors directly stimulating the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and linagliptin prevent the inactivation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP through competitive inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme. Both incretin therapies have good safety and tolerability profiles and interact minimally with a number of medications commonly prescribed in T2DM. This paper focuses on the pharmacological basis by which the incretin therapies function and how this knowledge can inform and benefit clinical d