基础工程结、.doc

一． 基础：建筑物向地基传递荷载的下部结构。 地基：建筑物的全部荷载都由它下面的地层来承担，受建筑物影响的那一部分地层。 基础工程（Foundation Engineering） 研究下部结构物与岩土 相互作用共同承担上部结构物所出生的各种变形和稳定问题。基础分类（按埋深） 浅基础：埋置深度不大的基础 埋深小于或相当于基础底面的宽度，一般认为5m 深基础：使用专门的施工方法和机具建造的基础 (适应于：浅层土质不良，需要利用深层处的良好地层) 地基的分类 天然地基：不需要人工处理直接利用的地基 人工地基 ：修建基础前，需要事先人工处理的地基 基础工程设计包括基础设计和地基设计两部分： 基础设计根据基础功能，基础设计满足三个基本要求： 强度要求； 变形要求； 上部结构的其它要求 确定方法有四类： 根据土的抗剪强度指标，以理论公式计算； 由现场荷载试验p-s曲线确定； 按规范提供的承载力表格确定； 在土质基本相同的条件下，参照相邻建筑物的工程经验确定。 地基变形的特征 p-压力强度； k-基床反力系数，简称基床系数，kN/m3；注意与弹簧系数k的差别 s-地基沉降量。 补偿性基础 建筑基础地下部分采用中空、封闭的形式，被挖取的土重就可以补偿上部结构部分或全部重量。这类基础称为补偿性基础。 补偿性基础作用：埋置深度大，提高基础承载力；降低附加应力，减小基础沉降量。 of vision. 3, build, fitting in with the urban master plan in Yibin city rapid rail transit long term network, as well as the vision of Yibin city, and future development of rail transit network. 4, Yibin city, preliminary rail traffic levels service levels, system model, and technical standards. 5, to ensure that network can be implemented. 6, stable conditions for planning and supporting of Yibin city track traffic construction and formation of rail transit industry, provide conditions for the start-up and development of rail transit in Yibin city. 1.7 technical course technology is the projects research program and research ideas. Technology reflects the various stages in the process, logical relations between various levels, research, techniques and phases. Network planning process the whole process can be divided into four parts, namely, background research, network architecture research, planning and implementation of research and programming interfaces. Figure 1.7-1 Yibin city rail transit network planning technology roadmap planning interface is mainly responsible for network planning interface with follow-up planning tasks. Network planning Urban planning system in a transitional position, online network planning is completed, will be carried out as soon as possible the following planning projects: 1, detailed control of the land of rapid rail transit network planning