第2章 线性变换的.pptVIP

第2章 线性变换 在许多数学问题和实际问题中起着重要作用的是线性空间到线性空间的映射，并且这些映射有一个共同点，即保持加法与数乘两种运算，我们称这样的映射为线性映射．本章讨论线性空间到线性空间的线性映射，着重讨论线性空间到自身的线性映射—线性变换，并建立它们和矩阵之间的联系 ． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.1 线性变换的概念 显然，线性映射与第１章线性空间中同构映射相比，线性映射就是保持线性运算的映射，他不要求是双射，而线性变换是线性空间到自身的线性映射． 2.1.1 线性变换的定义 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.1.2 线性变换的性质 注意 性质3的逆命题不成立，即线性变换可能将线性无关向量组变成线性相关向量组．例如，零变换把任何线性无关向量组都变成线性相关向量组． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.2 线性变换的运算 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 定理2.2.1 对于上述加法与数量乘法构成数域上的一个线性空间． 对于线性变换，还可以定义下列几种基本运算 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3