a population genetic model of evolution of host-mate attraction and nonhost repulsion in a bark beetle pityogenes bidentatus人口的遗传进化的模型host-mate吸引和nonhost排斥在树皮甲虫pityogenes bidentatus.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2012, Article ID 529573, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2012/529573 Research Article A Population Genetic Model of Evolution of Host-Mate Attraction and Nonhost Repulsion in a Bark Beetle Pityogenes bidentatus John A. Byers US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 21881 North Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA Correspondence should be addressed to John A. Byers, john.byers@ Received 12 December 2011; Accepted 14 January 2012 Academic Editor: Qing-He Zhang Copyright © 2012 John A. Byers. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Studies have shown that the bark beetle Pityogenes bidentatus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) avoids volatiles of nonhost trees (Norway Spruce, birch, and oak) and healthy host Scotch Pine when orienting to aggregation pheromone. A population genetic model of two behavioral genes was hypothesized where AA, Aa, and aa were allele combinations regulating orientation to host tree and pheromone odors, and BB, Bb, and bb were combinations allowing avoidance of nonhost and unsuitable host odors. The nine possible genotypes were assigned different survival factors that remained constant during simulation. The initial propor- tion of aabb genotype (little aggregation/host response and little avoidance of nonhosts) was ∼1.0 when a mutation was hypothe- sized that caused better orientation to host/beetle odors (Aabb) and another mutation causing more efficient avoidance of nonhosts (aaBb). After these initial mutations, the model used indiscriminate mating of genotypic proportions and subsequent survival as input for each successive ge