CBasepropertiesofamines胺的硷度.PPT

* Ch.36 – Nitrogen compounds Ch.36 – 含氮化合物 A.?? Introduction l ? Nitrogen compounds in organic chemistry can be divided into two basic groups: _______________ and _______________. amines amino acids A.??引言 l ?含氮化合物在有機化學上基本分兩類:_______及__________ 胺 氨基酸 l? 1o amines: 1o胺 e.g. Methanamine 甲胺 2-methylpentan-3-amine 2-甲基戊-3-胺 ? ? ? 2o amines: e.g. N-methylethanamine N-甲基乙胺 N-methylpropan-2-amine N-甲基丙-2-胺 3o amines: e.g. N-methyl-N-propylbutan-1-amine N-甲基-N-丙基丁-1-胺 Quaternary ammonium ions: e.g. ? ? tetramethyl ammonium ion 四甲基銨離子 Aromatic amines: ? ? Phenylamine 苯胺 N-methylphenylamine N-甲基苯胺 diphenylamine 二苯胺 l? Lower members of amines are _____________ with a smell of ___________; while the higher ones are liquids with a distinctive ____________ smell. gases ammonia fishy l?細小的胺為有______氣味的_________：較大分子則為液體並有_______味。 氨 氣體 魚腥 l?Amines have ___________ boiling points than less polar compounds due to its ____________ bonding; but they have __________ boiling points than alcohols and carboxylic acids because their hydrogen bonding are weaker. higher hydrogen lower l?因著________的緣故，胺比其低極性的化合物有較____沸點，但其氫鍵較醇及羧酸弱，所以沸點比它們______。 氫鍵 高 低 l? Lower members of amines are _____________ with water due to the hydrogen bonding formation with water. miscible l?因著氫鍵，所以細小的胺分子可與水__________。 互溶 | | | | Ex.: Match the boiling points, 65℃, -6℃ and -88℃ with the corresponding compounds CH3CH3, CH3NH2 and CH3OH. -88oc -6°c 65°c Ex.: 把沸點65℃，-6℃及-88℃與CH3CH3 CH3NH2 及CH3OH 配對。 B.?? Preparations of amines胺的製備 1. Reduction of nitriles腈的還原作用 e.g. CH3CH2CN 醚中 LiAlH4 in dry ether H2O / H3O+ CH3CH2CH2NH2 2. From amides由?胺 l? Reduction還原作用 l Hofmann degradation霍夫曼降解作用 醚中 LiAlH4 in dry ether H2O / H3O+ CH3CH2NH2 Br2 in NaOH(aq) CH3NH2 3. Alkalyation of ammonia氨與鹵烷的反應 R-X + NH3 A mixture of amines may be separa