考研英语阅读复习技巧：判断阅读中的论点论据.doc

考研英语阅读复习技巧：判断阅读中的论点论据 　　【摘要】在考研英语中，议论文阅读是阅读重点题型。又快又好地判断论点与论据，可以在很大程度上简化文章。　　 　　英语阅读方法里，有例证题的解题方法。概括起来主要就是找到例子的起始位置，接着在紧挨着例子的前面后面找论点，80%在前，20%在后。但是这里面大家所面临的一个问题是，如何准确判断例子的起始位置，这是一个普遍问题。本文中，主要从论据的特点进行阐述。 　　?文章中论据的特点 　　一、例子以for example、take sth for example 、such as 、take 、consider、like 等开始的，一直到例子结束，中间都不用读。这样的例子在二阶阅读中包括：2003 text 2 48. 、2004 text 1 44.、2001 text 1和2002 text 1。以2003年第二篇为例具体分析： 　　【2003 text 2】 　　For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.(para.2) 　　【 分析】例子的起始位置在这里很好判断，截止到Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.之前的she said,“”位置均为例子的内容，可以略去不读。 　　二、若前面有完整句子。后面马上出现引号引用某人的话，那后面的引用一定为论据，不用读。这样的例子在二阶阅读中包括： 　　【2003 text 3】 　　Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper. (para. 4) 　　【 分析】这段中“Do we really want railroads…?”asks Martin Bercovici…是对前面一句…but in practice it often leaves railroads in