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A Membrane-Bound Vertebrate Globin 1 1 1 1 2 3 Miriam Blank , Jessica Wollberg , Frank Gerlach , Katja Reimann , Anja Roesner , Thomas Hankeln , 4 4 1 Angela Fago , Roy E. Weber , Thorsten Burmester * 1 Biocenter Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 2 Institute of Zoology, Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany, 3 Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany, 4 Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Abstract The family of vertebrate globins includes hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other O -binding proteins of yet unclear functions. 2 Among these, globin X is restricted to fish and amphibians. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) globin X is expressed at low levels in neurons of the central nervous system and appears to be associated with the sensory system. The protein harbors a unique N-terminal extension with putative N-myristoylation and S-palmitoylation sites, suggesting membrane-association. Intracellular localization and transport of globin X was studied in 3T3 cells employing green fluorescence protein fusion constructs. Both myristoylation and palmitoylation sites are required for correct targeting and membrane localization of globin X. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a vertebrate globin has been identified as component of the cell membrane. Globin X has a hexacoordinate binding scheme and displays cooperative O2 binding with a variable affinity (P50,1.3–12.5 torr), depending