Taxonomy, biology and physiology of fungi：分类学，生物学和生理学的真菌.pptVIP

Taxonomy, biology and physiology of fungi Objectives Introduction of fungi Biology of fungi Cell structure, growth and development Physiology of fungi Nutrition, Temp, UV light, and water Classification of fungi Introduction of fungi Eukaryotic, Heterotrophic (chemoheterotrophic) microorganism No chlorophyll, non-motile Thread of cells (hyphae), transverse cell walls (septate), hyphal anastomosis Storage compound; glycogen Introduction of fungi Other characteristics of fungi the ability to synthesize lysine by the ?-amino adipic acid pathway (AAA-pathway) possession of a chitinous cell wall plasma membranes containing the sterol ergosterol and microtubules composed of tubulin. Structure Cell wall Plasma membrane Microtubules Nucleus Fungal wall Shape of fungi Protect against osmotic lysis It the wall contains pigments (melanin) ? protect the cell against ultraviolet radiation or the lytic enzymes of other organisms It can have antigenic properties Cell wall components Predominance of polysaccharides, lesser amounts of proteins and lipids Table 1 Major polysaccharide components of fungal walls Division Oomycota Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota/ deuteromycota Basidiomycota Cell wall components The major polysaccharides of cell wall matrix consist of glucans such as manans, chitosan, and galactans Glucan refers to a group of D-glucose polymers having glycosidic bonds Insoluble ?-glucans are apparently amorphous in cell wall Mannans, galactomannans, rhamnomannans are responsible for the immunologic response to the medically important yeasts and molds Cell wall components Consisting of chitinous microfibrils embedded in the matrix of small polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, inorganic salts, and pigments Chitin is a (?1-4)-linked polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) Produced in cytosol (from UDP GlcNAc into chains of chitin by chitin synthetase) The chitin microfibrils are transported to the plasmalemma and subsequently integrated into the