德川幕府的难题（Tokugawa Shogunates problem）.docVIP

德川幕府的难题（Tokugawa Shogunates problem） Another successful case occurred in the same densely populated island society and tikopia Island, the island of little import economic material, has long been self-sufficiency. But the similarity between the two islands is nothing more than that. The population of the islands Island copia 100000 times, have powerful centralized government, is the first of the world industrial economy, society level, the gap between rich and poor is the top of the rich and powerful elite of the elite, the top-down solution plays an important role in the process of ecological environment crisis. This case is Japan before 1868. Japan has used scientific methods to manage forests for a long time, but is rarely known to Europeans and americans. Many forest experts believe that todays widely known forest management techniques were first developed in Germany in the sixteenth Century and then spread to other parts of Europe in 18 and nineteenth Century. As a result, the total forest area of Europe has been decreasing 9000 years ago, but it has increased since nineteenth Century. When I first went to Germany in 1959, I thought I would see an industrial city with a dense population and a high degree of urbanization. But in fact, I saw a large, dense, well planned forest. Japan and Germany developed up and down forest management mode at the same time. Surprisingly, the two countries are densely populated and highly urbanized industrial countries. Japan is the first country with the highest population density in the world. According to the total land area, there are nearly 1000 people per square mile. In terms of arable land, it is 5000 people per square mile. In spite of the large population, 80% of Japans land is sparsely populated (see Figure 20), and most of the population and agriculture are concentrated in the plains, which make up only 1/5 of the countrys territory. Japans forest conservation and management is very effective, although some trees will