are individual and community acceptance and witnessing of intimate partner violence related to its occurrence multilevel structural equation model个人和社区接受和见证相关亲密伴侣暴力的发生多层次结构方程模型.pdfVIP

Are Individual and Community Acceptance and Witnessing of Intimate Partner Violence Related to Its Occurrence? Multilevel Structural Equation Model 1 2 1 Olalekan A. Uthman *, Tahereh Moradi , Stephen Lawoko 1 Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, 2 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Background: Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a serious and widespread problem worldwide. Much of the research on IPVAW focused on individual-level factors and attention has been paid to the contextual factors. The aim of this study was to develop and test a model of individual- and community-level factors associated with IPVAW. Methods and Findings: We conducted a (multivariate) multilevel structural equation analysis on 8731 couples nested within 883 communities in Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Variables included in the model were derived from respondents’ answers to the experience of IPVAW, attitudes towards wife beating and witnessing physical violence in childhood. We found that women that witnessed physical violence were more likely to have tolerant attitudes towards IPVAW and women with tolerant attitudes were more likely to have reported spousal IPVAW abuse. Women with husbands with tolerant attitudes towards IPVAW were more likely to have reported spousal abuse. We found that an increasing proportion of women in the community with tolerant attitudes was significantly positively associated with spousal sexual and emotional abuse, but not significantly associated with spousal physical abuse. In addition, we found that an increasing proportion of men in the community with tolerant attit