are hox genes ancestrally involved in axial patterning evidence from the hydrozoan clytia hemisphaerica (cnidaria)hox基因从水螅虫类的祖先地参与轴向模式证据clytia hemisphaerica(刺细胞动物).pdfVIP

Are Hox Genes Ancestrally Involved in Axial Patterning? Evidence from the Hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica (Cnidaria) 1 1 2 3 3 ´ 1 Roxane Chiori , Muriel Jager , Elsa Denker , Patrick Wincker , Corinne Da Silva , Herve Le Guyader , ¨ 1 ´ 1 Michael Manuel , Eric Queinnec * 1 UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7138 CNRS UPMC MNHN IRD, Case 05, Paris, France, 2 Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, Bergen, Norway, 3 Genoscope, ´ Centre National de Sequenc¸age, Evry, France Abstract Background: The early evolution and diversification of Hox-related genes in eumetazoans has been the subject of conflicting hypotheses concerning the evolutionary conservation of their role in axial patterning and the pre-bilaterian origin of the Hox and ParaHox clusters. The diversification of Hox/ParaHox genes clearly predates the origin of bilaterians. However, the existence of a ‘‘Hox code’’ predating the cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor and supporting the deep homology of axes is more controversial. This assumption was mainly based on the interpretation of Hox expression data from the sea anemone, but growing evidence from other cnidarian taxa puts into question this hypothesis. Methodology/Principal Findings: Hox, ParaHox and Hox-related genes have been investigated here by phylogenetic analysis and in situ hybridisation in Clytia hemisphaerica, an hydrozoan species with medusa and polyp stages alternating in the life cycle. Our phylogenetic analyses do not support an origin of ParaHox and Hox genes by duplication of an ancestral ProtoHox cluster, and reveal a diversification of the cnidarian HOX9-14 genes into