crossing the line selection and evolution of virulence traits越线选择和毒性特征的进化.pdfVIP

Review Crossing the Line: Selection and Evolution of Virulence Traits [ [ ¤ Nat F. Brown , Mark E. Wickham , Brian K. Coombes , B. Brett Finlay* ABSTRACT the toll infectious diseases take on human health. However, the intellectual approach taken to study parasitism is perhaps he evolution of pathogens presents a paradox. most effective when an anthropocentric view is rejected in T Pathogenic species are often absolutely dependent favour of an ecological view [1]. on their host species for their propagation through Parasitism is merely one example of how species exist in evolutionary time, yet the pathogenic lifestyle requires that nature. It exemplifies the capacity of organisms to evolve the host be damaged during this dependence. It is clear that forms able to fill different environmental niches. All species pathogenic strategies are successful in evolutionary terms have resulted from a ‘‘struggle for existence’’ [2]. As originally because a diverse array of pathogens exists in nature. postulated, this theory would lead us to believe that species Pathogens also evolve using a broad range of molecular have been shaped through competition to exist in particular mechanisms to acquire and modulate existing virulence traits environmental contexts. Pathogens exist in this same in order to achieve this success. Detailing the benefit of evolutionary framework, and in this review we will discuss the enhanced selection derived through virulence and selective pressures applied to pathogens and t