cultivated grapevines represent a symptomless reservoir for the transmission of hop stunt viroid to hop crops 15 years of evolutionary analysis种植葡萄树代表无症状的水库跳特技类病毒传播的跳作物15年的进化分析.pdfVIP

Cultivated Grapevines Represent a Symptomless Reservoir for the Transmission of Hop Stunt Viroid to Hop Crops: 15 Years of Evolutionary Analysis 1 2 3 3 3 Yoko Kawaguchi-Ito , Shi-Fang Li *, Masaya Tagawa , Hiroyuki Araki , Masafumi Goshono , Shingen 3 3 3 3 4 5 Yamamoto , Mayumi Tanaka , Masako Narita , Kazuaki Tanaka , Sheng-Xue Liu , Eishiro Shikata , Teruo Sano3* 1 United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan, 2 State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 3 Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan, 4 Key Oasis Eco-agriculture Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi, People’s Republic of China, 5 Graduate School of Agriculture, Japan Academy, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Abstract Hop stunt was a mysterious disorder that first emerged in the 1940s in commercial hops in Japan. To investigate the origin of this disorder, we infected hops with natural Hop stunt viroid (HpSVd) isolates derived from four host species (hop, grapevine, plum and citrus), which except for hop represent possible sources of the ancestral viroid. These plants were maintained for 15 years, then analyzed the HpSVd variants present. Here we show that the variant originally found in cultivated grapevines gave rise to various combinations of mutations at positions 25, 26, 54, 193, and 281. However, upon prolonged infection, these variants underwent