原创力文档do scientific advancements lean on the shoulders of giants a bibliometric investigation of the ortega hypothesis做科学进步精益在巨人的肩膀上奥尔特加假说的文献调查.pdfVIP
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do scientific advancements lean on the shoulders of giants a bibliometric investigation of the ortega hypothesis做科学进步精益在巨人的肩膀上奥尔特加假说的文献调查
Do Scientific Advancements Lean on the Shoulders of
Giants? A Bibliometric Investigation of the Ortega
Hypothesis
1 ´ ´ 2 3
Lutz Bornmann *, Felix de Moya Anegon , Loet Leydesdorff
1 Office of Research Analysis and Foresight, Max Planck Society, Munich, Germany, 2 CSIC/CCHS/IPP, SCImago Group (Spain), Communication and Information Science
Faculty, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, 3 Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Abstract
Background: In contrast to Newton’s well-known aphorism that he had been able ‘‘to see further only by standing on the
shoulders of giants,’’ one attributes to the Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset the hypothesis saying that top-level
research cannot be successful without a mass of medium researchers on which the top rests comparable to an iceberg.
Methodology/Principal Findings: The Ortega hypothesis predicts that highly-cited papers and medium-cited (or lowly-
cited) papers would equally refer to papers with a medium impact. The Newton hypothesis would be supported if the top-
level research more frequently cites previously highly-cited work than that medium-level research cites highly-cited work.
Our analysis is based on (i) all articles and proceedings papers which were published in 2003 in the life sciences, health
sciences, physical sciences, and social sciences, and (ii) all articles and proceeding papers which were cited within these
publications. The results show that highly-cited work in all scientific fields more frequently cites previously highly-cited
papers than that medium-cited work cites highly-cited work.
Conclusions/Significance: We demonstrate that papers contributing to the scientific progress in a field lean to a larger
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