gain and loss learning differentially contribute to life financial outcomes得失学习差异导致生活财务结果.pdfVIP
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gain and loss learning differentially contribute to life financial outcomes得失学习差异导致生活财务结果
Gain and Loss Learning Differentially Contribute to Life
Financial Outcomes
1 2 3
Brian Knutson *, Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin , Camelia M. Kuhnen
1 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,
United States of America, 3 Finance Department, Kellogg School of Management, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
Abstract
Emerging findings imply that distinct neurobehavioral systems process gains and losses. This study investigated whether
individual differences in gain learning and loss learning might contribute to different life financial outcomes (i.e., assets versus
debt). In a community sample of healthy adults (n = 75), rapid learners had smaller debt-to-asset ratios overall. More specific
analyses, however, revealed that those who learned rapidly about gains had more assets, while those who learned rapidly about
losses had less debt. These distinct associations remained strong even after controlling for potential cognitive (e.g., intelligence,
memory, and risk preferences) and socioeconomic (e.g., age, sex, ethnicity, income, education) confounds. Self-reported
measures of assets and debt were additionally validated with credit report data in a subset of subjects. These findings support the
notion that different gain and loss learning systems may exert a cumulative influence on distinct life financial outcomes.
Citation: Knutson B, Samanez-Larkin GR, Kuhnen CM (2011) Gain and Loss Learning Differentially Contribute to Life Financial Outcomes. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24390.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024390
Editor: Aldo Rustichini, University of Minnesota, United States of America
Received April 15, 2011; Accepted August 9,
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