鹫尾画布结构.pdfVIP

园 艺 学 报 2011，38（7）：1333–1340 http: // www. ahs. ac. cn Acta Horticulturae Sinica E-mail: yuanyixuebao@126.com 鸢尾的花部结构及繁育系统特征 * 刘宗才，焦铸锦 ，董旭升，代金星 （南阳师范学院，河南省伏牛山昆虫生物重点实验室，河南南阳 473061 ） 摘 要：对鸢尾（Iris tectorum ）居群的花部特征、授粉特性、繁育系统及访花昆虫行为等进行了研 究。在自然条件下，鸢尾 4—6 月开花，群体花期约 60 d，群体盛花期约 30 d，集中在 4 月 20 日—5 月 20 日，单株花期10 ~ 30 d，单花花期2 d 。雄蕊短于花柱，花药紧贴花柱外侧，花药与柱头相差约3 mm， 在花朵开放的整个过程中雌、雄蕊的相对位置不变。杂交指数 OCI 为 4 ，P/O （花粉/胚珠比）为 234.4 ， 结合坐果率判断其繁育系统属于异交，部分自交亲和，需要传粉者。鸢尾高度特化的花部特征与黄胸木 蜂（Xylocopa appendiculata ）和长木蜂（Xylocopa tranquebarorum ）的传粉行为相适应。人工授粉结籽率 高于自然传粉，证实鸢尾自然条件下的有性繁殖系统受到花粉限制和缺少传粉昆虫的影响。 关键词：鸢尾；花部特征；杂交指数；花粉/胚珠比；繁育系统；花粉限制 中图分类号：S 682.1+9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0513-353X （2011 ）07-1333-08 Floral Syndrome and Breeding System of Iris tectorum * LIU Zong-cai ，JIAO Zhu-jin ，DONG Xu-sheng ，and DAI Jin-xing （Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Funiu Mountain Insect Biology ，Nanyang Normal University ，Nanyang ，Henan 473061 ，China） Abstract ：Field investigation was performed on the floral syndrome，pollination characteristics ， pollinator behaviors and breeding system of Iris tectorum by continuous observations and analyzing data of out-crossing index，pollen-ovule ratio ，fruit-set ratio and seed-set ratio. The results were as follows ： Under natural conditions ，the flowering stage of populations is about 60 days from April to June ，and the majority of plants kept blooming in 20th April to 20th May. The flowering stage for individual plant was 10 –30 days. The life span of a single flower was about 2 days. The stamen was closed to the lateral side of the petaloid style. The stamen was about 3 mm shorter than the style. The relative position between the stamen