定西市安定区不同降解地膜覆盖对玉米保墒增产影响探究.docVIP

定西市安定区不同降解地膜覆盖对玉米保墒增产影响探究 　摘要 进行定西市安定区不同降解地膜覆盖对玉米保墒增产的影响研究，结果表明：光解膜全膜覆盖和普通聚乙烯地膜（对照）全膜覆盖在土壤耕层含水量、玉米生育期、经济性状、产量等方面表现差异不大，以光解膜全膜覆盖的玉米产量最高，鲁家沟镇试验点产量为9 877.5 kg/hm2，增产率为5.9%；内官试验点，产量为8 677.5kg /hm2，增产率为2.7%。由于玉米生长的中后期，降解膜全膜覆盖的地膜大部分降解，降低了土壤0～30 cm耕层含水量，导致玉米生育期延长、经济性状下降、产量低，所以不宜在安定区推广。建议在安定区进一步试验光解膜全膜覆盖和普通聚乙烯地膜（对照）全膜覆盖。　　关键词 玉米；地膜覆盖；产量；甘肃定西；安定区　　中图分类号 S513 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）12-0023-02　　Abstract The effect of different degradation film mulching on maize yields and soil moisture in Anding District was made，the results showed that there was little performance difference between photodegradable film mulching and common polyethylene film （CK） membrane covering the whole in the topsoil containing content，growth period，the economic traits，yields of maize， etc.，the yields were the highest by coveing the full photodegradable film，in Lujiagou Town test point，the yields were 9 877.5 kg/hm2，the yield rate was 5.9%；in Neiguan Town point，the yields were 8 677.5 kg/hm2，the yield rate was 2.7%.Due to the degradation of film mulching on maize later growth，topsoil moisture content of 0～30 cm soil reduced，the growth period prolonged，economic traits in maize declined，yields were low，so should not be promoted in Anding District.The whole photo-degradable film coverage of the photo-degradable film mulching and common polyethylene film （CK） mulching were proposed.　　Key words maize；plastic film mulching；yield；Dingxi Gansu；Anding District　　随着玉米全膜双垄集雨沟播栽培技术应用面积的扩大，每年有大量的残膜留在土壤里，对作物的生长造成了严重危害。因此，推广应用可降解地膜是大势所趋。现对不同降解地膜覆盖对玉米保墒增产的影响进行研究，以供参考。　　1 材料与方法　　1.1 试验地概况　　鲁家沟镇试验点设在小岔口村某农户的旱川地中，土壤类型为黑麻垆土，试验地海拔、年平均降雨量分别为1 720 m、300 mm。试验地前茬为玉米，肥力中等，地力均匀。结合整地施有机肥45 t/hm2，施可丰玉米专用肥0.9 t/hm2，玉米种植密度4.05万株/hm2。　　内官镇试验点设在永安村某农户的旱川地中，土壤类型为淡黑麻垆土，试验地海拔为2 150 m，年平均降雨量380 mm。试验地肥力中等，地力均匀。前茬为马铃薯。结合整地施有机肥52.5 t/hm2，施可丰玉米专用肥900 kg/hm2，玉米种植密度4.5万株/hm2 [1-5]。　　1.2 试验材料　　供试玉米品种为富农588（鲁家沟镇试验点）、先玉335 （内官镇试验点）。试验点其他试验材料有甘肃宏鑫农业科技有限公司生产的普通聚乙烯白色地膜、可降解膜、光解膜，3种类型膜的厚度均为0.01 mm。　　1.3 试验设计　　试验设鲁家沟镇试验点和内官镇试验点2个试验点，采用对比试验，根据覆膜类型每个试验