政府制度演变理论：引入性思索.docVIP

政府制度演变理论：引入性思索 　　　摘 要：政府制度的起源、变迁和创新，是一个既古老又常新的问题，目前仍然有许多新课题值得进一步探讨。本文将在六个方面提出自己的见解：（1）任何政府制度的创新都存在传统与现代的张力，处理张力的方式不同将导致不同的创新效果。（2）由于不同国家决定制度变迁的关键性变量不同，即使相同的制度起源也会导致不同的政府制度演变路向。（3）任何人为的制度设计都脱离不了制度的自然演化规律，制度设计的成效取决对这种规律的把握。（4）社会制度的变迁有其共同的特点和规律，但经济、政治等不同领域的制度一定还有自己的特点和规律。（5）那种把个人、团体和政府作为制度创新主体的观点，仍然摆脱不了人民群众和个人历史作用的相互关系问题，我们有必要就此加深研究。（6）政府制度创新的成效问题，不能停留在西方新制度经济学关于衡量经济制度效率的观点上，必须引入唯物史观和结合实践效果来深入思考。 关 键 词：制度创新；制度设计；创新主体；创新成效 Abstract: The government institutional origin, change and innovation is an old and new big question。The article will put out six opinions as following. (1) There is a tensile force between the tradition and modernization under any innovation of government institution, and the innovational effect is different for different way of dealing with the tension. (2) Even though the institutional origin is same, the path of government institutional change is also different, because of the distinction of key variable that controls the orientation of institutional change. (3) Any institution design depends on the law of institutional evolvement, and the effect of design lies on understanding the law. (4) The evolvement of social institution there is common law, but the change of economic institution, political institution and so on there are their especial laws. (5) The opinion that regards the innovation actors including the individual, group and government doesn?t break away from the theory of relationship between the citizens and the individuals. It needs further studying by combining to the both. (6) Thinking the question of the effect of government institutional innovation can?t stop the vision of new institutionalism of economics; it needs to further study by the perceptions of Marxism. ; Key words: institutional innovation; design of government institution; actors of institutional innovation; efficiency of institutional innovation 经济学界有关制度变迁与创新的研究正方兴未艾，并呈现出纵深和拓宽研究的趋势。相比之下，政治学界有关制度变迁与创新的研究则刚刚起步，其状况与我国加快政治文明建设的要求存在一定距离。所以，深入研究政府制度的演变理论，显得十分迫切。为了抛砖引