高一英语主谓一致教案.docVIP

主谓一致 湖北大冶一中 顾修平 E-mail： maggiegu181@ 主谓一致问题就是要求谓语在人称和数的方面必须和主语保持一致的问题,要遵循的原则一般归纳为三个原则: 意义一致,语法一致和临近一致,有的语法书上也叫意义一致,形式一致和就近原则.对于这种说法,大家都很熟悉,我也就不多说.在此,我从另一方面简化此问题,归纳为一个问题三个原则. 一个问题指的是单数问题,即什么时候谓语动词用单数形式.谓语动词用单数形式多限于一般现在时,过去时,现在进行时,一般将来时等类型的句子,这类句子的主语成分多为以下几种形式:1.第三人称单数名词或代词; 2.不可数名词; 3.可数名词单数; 4.数词; 5.不定式; 6.动名词;及动名词短语; 7.主语从句; 8.分词短语. 三个原则是就近原则,就远原则和灵活原则. 就近原则指的是句子的主语成分有下面的短语连接时,谓语动词的单复数形式有最近的主语决定, not…but; not only…but also; either…or; neither…nor; 这些多为“一带一”型, 即“not+成分”, “but +成分”.此外还有there be句型. 就远原则是指句子的成分有短语…with…;…together with…;…except…;…but…;…as well as…;…as much as…连接, 这些多为“一带二”型, 谓语动词的单复数与离它较远的主语决定. 灵活原则是指句子的主语成分多为集体名词如family, class等充当,若表示所有成员就用复数,表示集体则用单数.还有the+adj.有时候为单数，有时为复数,要看具体情况来定。 具体来说有下列一些情况: ★I. 谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数; 分数/百分数/half / all / most / some / the rest / lots/ a lot +of +n./ pron.做主语时,谓语动词根据后面的名词或代词意义来决定其单复数形式. 90% of our body is water. Most of the Ss in our school are boys. who, what, which, any, most, all, what-clause 做主语,谓语动词可视语境来其单复数形式. Which is your book? Which are your books? What we need is time. What we need are doctors. each, any, none, neither, either+ of + 复数可数名词或代词做主语,正式文体用单数,非正式文体中除each of外都可用复数. (注: none of + u.n. 谓语用单数.) Each of them has a piece of paper in his hand. Neither of us has/have anything to say. None of my Ss is/are stupid. None of bread is left for you. club, class, team, family, group, army, government, enemy, population, crowd 等名词指集体时用单数,指个体时用复数. 以one of +复数名词/代词+定语从句,从句中谓语动词用复数,但若加了the, the only, the very, the right, the just等修饰时,从句位于动词用单数.定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式取决于先行词的形式,而不是关系代词的形式. Jack is one of the Ss who/that come to classroom very early every day. Jack is the only one of the Ss that comes to classroom very early every day. adj. 前加the 指一类人时, 且做主语, 谓语动词用复数, 但若表示抽象概念或指某个人时, 谓语动词用单数. The rich are against the plan. (某一类人) The wounded is my friend. (某一个人) deer, sheep, means, works, Chinese, Japanese 等单复数同形的名词做主语,位于动词看情况而定. Every means has been tried. All the means have been tried. boots, glasses,