2 HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT TAU（2氢脆τ）.pdfVIP

2 HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT Electrodeposition and electroless deposition and their associated processing steps including acid pickling and electrocleaning can generate hydrogen which can enter substrates in the atomic form and cause hydrogen embrittlement. This chapter outlines the factors which cause hydrogen embrittlement, its subsequent effects and failure mechanisms, and then elaborates onmethods for reducing or eliminating the problem. Since steels are particularly prone to hydrogen embrittlement, emphasis is placed on these alloys. A section on permeation of hydrogen through various protective coatings is included to show the effectiveness of various barrier layers on minimizing hydrogen egress to substrates. Some excellent materials science investigative work showing how electroless copper deposits are embrittled by hydrogen is also presented along with data on hydrogen pick-up as a result of chemical milling of various steel and titanium alloys. Hydrogen embrittlement is a generic term used to describe a wide variety of fracturephenomena having a common relationship to the presence of hydrogen in the alloy as a solute element or in the atmosphere as a gas (1). Louthan (2) lists the following problems as a result of hydrogen embrittlement and/or hydriding: failures of fuel cladding in nuclear reactors, breakage of aircraft components, leakage from gas filled pressure vessels used by NASA, delayed failure in numerous high strength steels, reductions in mechanical properties of nuclear materials, and blisters or fisheyes in copper, aluminum and steel parts. Steels,particularly those with high strengths of 1240to 2140 MPa (180,OOO to 310,000 psi) are prone to hydrogen embrittlement regardless of temperature (3)(4), (Figure 1). However, hydrogen embrittlement is not specific tojust high strength ste