4 Really Getting Started with Arduino Make（4真的开始使用Arduino让）.pdfVIP

4/Really Getting Started with Arduino Now you’ll learn how to build and program an interactive device. Anatomy of an Interactive Device All of the objects we will build using Arduino follow a very simple pattern that we call the “Interactive Device”. The Interactive Device is an electronic circuit that is able to sense the environment using sensors (electronic components that convert real-world measurements into electrical signals). The device processes the information it gets from the sensors with behaviour that’s implemented as software. The device will then be able to interact with the world using actuators, electronic components that can convert an electric signal into a physical action. Sense/Perceive Sensors Behavior (software) Actuators Act/React Figure 4-1. The interactive device Really Getting Started with Arduino 29 Sensors and Actuators Sensors and actuators are electronic components that allow a piece of electronics to interact with the world. As the microcontroller is a very simple computer, it can process only electric signals (a bit like the electric pulses that are sent between neurons in our brains). For it to sense light, temperature, or other physical quantities, it needs something that can convert them into electricity. In our body, for example, the eye converts light into signals that get sent to the brain using nerves. In electronics, we can use a simple device called a light-dependent resistor (an LDR or photoresistor) that can measure the amount of light that hits it and report it as a signal that can be understood by the micro- controller. Once the sensors have been read, the device has the information needed t