CONCEPTS OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 081005 （081005年实验设计的概念）.pdf

Concepts of Experimental Design Design Institute for Six Sigma A SAS White Paper Table of Contents Introduction 1 Basic Concepts 1 Designing an Experiment 2 Write Down Research Problem and Questions 2 Define Population 2 Determine the Need for Sampling 2 Define the Experimental Design 3 Experimental (or Sampling) Unit 4 Types of Variables 4 Treatment Structure 5 Design Structure 6 Collecting Data 7 Analyzing Data 7 Types of Effects 8 Assumptions 8 Inference Space 10 Experimental Design Examples 10 Example 1: Completely Randomized Design 10 Determining Power and Sample Size and Generating a Completely Randomized Design 11 Generating a Completely Randomized Design 13 Analyzing Data from a Completely Randomized Design 16 Example 2: Randomized Complete Block Design 19 Determining Power and Sample Size and Generating a Randomized Complete Block Design 19 Generating a Randomized Complete Block Design 22 Analyzing a Randomized Complete Block Design 23 Conclusion 28 References 28 Concepts of Experimental Design Introduction An experiment is a process or study that results in the collection of data. The results of experiments are not known in advance. Usually, statistical experiments are conducted in situations in which researchers can manipulate the conditions of the experiment and can control the factors that are irrelevant to the research objectives. For example, a rental car company compares the tread wear of four brands of tires, while also controlling for the type of car, speed, road surface, weather, and driver. Experimental design is the p