Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand English （具体性评级4万年英语）.pdf

Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand generally known English word lemmas generally known English word lemmas 1 2 2 Marc Brysbaert , Amy Beth Warriner , Victor Kuperman 1 Ghent University, Belgium 2 McMaster University, Canada Keywords: concreteness, ratings, crowdsourcing, word recognition A ress: Marc Brysbaert Department of Experimental Psychology Ghent University Henri Dunantlaan 2 B-9000 Gent Belgium Tel. +32 9 264 94 25 Fax. +32 9 264 64 96 marc.brysbaert@ugent.be Abstract Concreteness ratings are presented for 37,058 English words and 2,896 two-word expressions (such as “zebra crossing” and “zoom in”), obtained from over four thousand participants by means of a norming study using internet crowdsourcing for data collection. Although the instructions stressed that the assessment of word concreteness would be based on experiences involving all senses and motor responses, a comparison with the existing concreteness norms indicates that participants, as before, largely focused on visual and haptic experiences. The reported dataset is a subset of a comprehensive list of English lemmas and contains all lemmas known by at least 85% of the raters. It can be use in future research as a reference list of generally known English lemmas. Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand English word l