Distance Protections in the Power System Lines （在电力系统线路距离保护）.pdf

7 Distance Protections in the Power System Lines with Connected Wind Farms Adrian Halinka and Michał Szewczyk Silesian University of Technology Poland 1. Introduction In recent years there has been an intensive effort to increase the participation of renewable sources of electricity in the fuel and energy balance of many countries. In particular, this relates to the power of wind farms (WF) attached to the power system at both the distribution network (the level of MV and 110 kV) and the HV transmission network (220 kV and 400 kV)1. The number and the level of power (from a dozen to about 100 MW) of wind farms attached to the power system are growing steadily, increasing the participation and the role of such sources in the overall energy balance. Incorporating renewable energy sources into the power system entails a number of new challenges for the power system protections in that it will have an impact on distance protections which use the impedance criteria as the basis for decision-making. The prevalence of distance protections in the distribution networks of 110 kV and transmission networks necessitates an analysis of their functioning in the new conditions. This study will be considering selected factors which influence the proper functioning of distance protections in the distribution networks with the wind farms connected to the power system. 2. Interaction of dispersed power generation sources (DPGS) with the power grid The