Interactive Data Analysis Computer Science（交互式计算机科学数据分析）.pptVIP

Data Cube and OLAP Server Data Cube and OLAP Server Outline What is Data Analysis? Steps in Data Analysis SQL-92 Aggregate Functions Limitations of GROUP BY OLAP Server CUBE Operator ROLLUP Operator What is Data Analysis? User issues a query, receives a response and formulates the next query based on the response This process repeats until the user gets the required result Fundamentally an iterative process Why Data Analysis? Search for unusual patterns of data Summarize data values Extract statistical information Contrast one category with another Provide a consolidated view of enterprise data buried in OLTP databases Help Decision makers understand business trends Derive intelligible results from ad hoc, voluminous and scattered data Steps in Data Analysis Formulate query Extract aggregated data Visualize results Analyze Overview of SQL-92 Overview of SQL-92 (contd.): Distinct Clause Overview of SQL-92 (contd.): GROUP BY Clause Limitations of GROUP BY Multidimensional Data Measure Attributes Dimension Attributes Example OLAP System On-Line Analytical Processing System Interactive system Permits analysts to view summaries of multidimensional data On-Line indicates No long waits to see result of a query response times within a few seconds for new summaries View data at different levels of granularity SQL:1999 OLAP Extensions SQL-92 functionality was limited SQL:1999 standard defines CUBE ROLLUP as generalizations of GROUP BY clause CUBE : Relational Aggregate Operator CUBE : The Idea An Example CUBE Contd. SELECT model, year, color, sum(sales) as sales FROM sales WHERE model in (‘Chevy’) AND year BETWEEN 1990 AND 1992 GROUP BY CUBE (model, year, color); Computes union of 8 different groupings: {(model, year, color), (model, year), (model, color), (year, color), (model), (year), (color), ()} Example Contd. GROUPING Function SQL:1999 uses NULL to represent both ALL and regular null values GROUPING function Can be applied to an attribute Returns 1