Strategies for Addition and Subtraction（加法和减法的策略）.pdfVIP

Strategies for Addition and Subtraction (These are alternative ways to add and subtract and promote number sense. These are introduced at Grades 1 2 with smaller numbers and extended into Grades 3-5) Addition Strategies: 1. Breaking Apart (Place Value), also known as “Separating” or “Decomposing” Break both numbers down to place value and add each, starting with the largest: 46 + 25 = 46 breaks into 40 plus 6 (40 + 6), 25 breaks into 20 plus 5 (20 + 5) 40 + 20 = 60 6 + 5 = 11 60 + 11 = 71 Or: Keep one number intact and only break second number down by place value and adding each place: 46 + 25 = 46 stays intact and 25 breaks into 20 and 5 46 + 20 = 66 66 + 5 = 71 or *66 + (4 + 1) *Note: some students may prefer to break the 5 apart (4 + 1) So that they can add 4 to 66 and get 70, then add on 1. It would only make sense to break down the ones to get to the “landmark” numb er 10. 2. Compensation: Round one or more of the numbers to numbers that are easier to work with, then compensate: 256 + 687 -13 13 is added to 687 to get 700, an easier number to work 256 +700 = 956 with - keeping track of the adjustment is critical to 956 – 13 = making this strategy work, encourage students to box the adjustment (here we box the adjustment as -13 (decompose 13) since 13 was added , now 13 must be subtracted out of 956 – 10 = 946 the computation to get the final answer 946 – 3 = 94 3. Transformation: Transform the problem into an equivalent problem that is easier : (like compensation, this is a strategy more advanced math thinkers can handle, you’re adding to one and taking away the same amount from the other) a. 46 + 28