TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrocarbon Publishing（目录烃出版）.pdfVIP

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 REPORT METHODOLOGY 4 REPORT SCOPE AND FOCUS 4 Major Drivers for Energy Efficiency 4 General Approaches for Improving Energy Efficiency 5 Sources of Energy Inefficiency and Likely Solutions 6 Unique Solutions to Individual Process Units 7 Strategic Analysis and Recommendations 8 PRICING INFORMATION 9 1 INTRODUCTION The global refining business is cyclical in nature, depending on the economic cycle of expansions and contractions on which the industry has no direct control. However, refiners can attenuate the economic impacts during the down cycles by efficiently managing internal operations and, in particular, operating expenses. Among significant refinery expenses, utility costs based on consumption of electricity, steam, heat, fuel gas, and hydrogen can be reduced through management and conservation efforts. As a matter of fact, energy management (EM) via constant efficiency improvement plays a synergistic role of the refinery operation that connects refining margins, asset management, and environmental regulation compliance, as portrayed in the following diagram. SYNERGISTIC ROLE OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN REFINERY OPERATIONS EM directly affects refinery margins as energy-savings go straight to the bottom line. In a highly competitive environment, low-cost producers will most often come out on top. For US refiners, energy accounted for the largest share of operating costs at 43%, followed by maintenance (24%), other (17%), and personnel (16%). Therefore, a small fraction in savings can translate into billions of dollars. As refining margins are rath