生物七年级上（Biology, grade seven）.doc

生物七年级上（Biology, grade seven） Unit 1 biology and biosphere Chapter 1 understanding organisms I. biological characteristics Biological life requires nutrition. Biological life requires constant access to nutrients from the outside world to survive. Biology can breathe. The vast majority of animals, whether animals or plants, need to breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Biology can eliminate waste from the body (metabolic waste). People sweat, urinate, exhale gas (carbon dioxide), and plants take away part of the waste through leaves. Biological energy responds to external stimuli. Animals are more sensitive to stress than plants. Biological energy growth and reproduction. Organisms can grow up little, and when the organism develops to a certain stage, they begin to reproduce the next generation. In addition to the virus, organisms are composed of cells. Two. The method of scientific inquiry 1. observation 1) tools It can be used directly with the naked eye, or with the aid of magnifying glasses, microscopes and other instruments Use cameras, recorders, camcorders and other tools; Sometimes measurements are required. 2) matters needing attention Scientific observation should have definite purpose; Observation should be comprehensive, detailed and realistic, and record the observation results in a timely manner; For a longer period of observation, be patient and patient. 2. survey 1) make clear the purpose and object of the investigation. 2) the investigation process should be truthfully recorded. 3) the results of the investigation should be collated and analyzed, and sometimes mathematical methods should be used for statistical purposes. 3., the inquiry process 6 steps Find problems and ask questions Make assumptions Make plans Implementation plan Draw a conclusion The expression and communication Three, biological classification method 1., according to the morphological structure characteristics: animals, plants, other organisms 2., according to the living en