生理呼吸（Physiological respiration）.docVIP

生理呼吸（Physiological respiration） Breathe Syllabus requirements 1. pulmonary ventilation: the power and resistance of pulmonary ventilation. Lung volume, pulmonary ventilation volume, and alveolar ventilation volume. 2. the exchange of breathing gases: the principle of gas exchange. The exchange of gases in the lungs. The ratio of ventilation to blood flow and its significance. The exchange of gases in tissues. 3. the transport of gases in the blood: physical dissolution, chemical bonding and their relations, oxygen transport and oxygen dissociation curves, and the transport of carbon dioxide. 4. the regulation of respiratory movement: the formation of respiratory center and respiratory rhythm. Reflex regulation of respiration. Peripheral and central chemoreceptor, the regulation of carbon dioxide to the central nervous system. Changes and regulation of respiration during exercise. Essentials of syllabus I. respiratory process The whole process of breathing consists of three interrelated links: (1) external respiration, including pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary ventilation; (2) the transport of gas through the blood; (3) internal respiration. Grasp the main points: (1) external respiration is the whole process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the lung, and the exchange of gas between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillary blood. The lumen of the bronchioles above the respiratory tract does not exchange gas. It is only the passage of gas through the lungs, called the conveyor belt. In the case of alveolar gas exchange, the belt constitutes an anatomical void. The respiratory bronchioles and the following structures can carry out gas exchange, which is called the respiratory zone, and is the structure of gas exchange. The part of the respiratory tract that is unable to exchange gas becomes alveolar void. Normal lung tissue alveolar dead space is zero, under pathological conditions, there may be larger alveolar dead space, which together constitute the phy