第十八章 体液肿瘤标志物（The eighteenth chapter is humoral tumor markers）.docVIP

第十八章 体液肿瘤标志物（The eighteenth chapter is humoral tumor markers） The eighteenth chapter is humoral tumor markers The first section is an overview A tumor is an abnormal growth and differentiation of cells and tissues that lose normal biological regulation. Compared with other diseases, the tumor has two distinct clinical features: one is the metastatic characteristics of the tumor. Two of the tumors were asymptomatic in the early and middle stages. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the national policies of our countrys cancer diagnosis and treatment. Tumor markers are often the only clue to early detection of tumors in asymptomatic patients. First, the history of tumor markers In 1847, the urine protein precipitation acidification boiling in the discovery of Bence Jones protein (Bence-Jones protein). Now the Bence Jones protein has been recognized as a hallmark of multiple myeloma. The history of the development of the tumor markers can be divided into four stages: the first stage, 1846 1928 years, found the Bence Jones protein; the second phase in 1929 1962 years, found some hormone, enzyme, isozyme and protein in the tumor occurs abnormal, are still used in Clinical Oncology; the third phase in 1963 1975, found this embryo protein markers, to detect AFP (alpha -fetoprotein, AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (carcioembryonic, antigen, CEA) as the main feature, the two logo has promoted the clinical application of tumor markers, tumor markers for tumor diagnosis and treatment start monitoring; fourth stage since 1976, a large number of tumor with the emergence of markers and monoclonal antibody technology was born, many cancer cells produce substances have the corresponding antibodies, such as CA15-3, CA125 etc.. Over the past ten years, the development of molecular biology has made the determination of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes routine, and tumor markers have entered the molecular level. Two. The concept of tumor markers (1) definitio