酸碱性的判断（Judgement of acidity and basicity）.docVIP

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酸碱性的判断（Judgement of acidity and basicity）.doc

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酸碱性的判断（Judgement of acidity and basicity）

酸碱性的判断（Judgement of acidity and basicity） Chemically defined: from an ionization point of view Acids: ionized cations are all compounds of hydrogen ions Alkali: ionized anion is full of hydroxyl compounds (a) * common acid hydrochloric acid nitric acid phosphate 1, the connection of acid (1) the acid solution reacts with the acid-base indicator. Purple litmus solution in acid red, colorless phenolphthalein ts in acid discoloration. Note that the substance that gives colour is the indicator. (2) acids react with a variety of reactive metals and usually produce salts and hydrogen. Only the metal in front of hydrogen can react with dilute acids (HCl, H2SO4) in the order of activity of metals to produce hydrogen. The metal after hydrogen cannot react with dilute acids (HCl, H2SO4) but react with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid. For example: 1 Cu2H2SO4 (concentrated) CuSO4SO2 have 2H2O The 3Cu8HNO3 (dilute) = 3Cu (NO3) 22NO have 4H2O It can be seen that there is no hydrogen in the metal and concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid. This is why the laboratory can not react with zinc by concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid. (3) acid with alkali oxide react to form a salt and water: H2SO4 + CaO = CaSO4 + H2O (4) acid with some salt and acid reaction to generate a new new salt: H2SO4 + BaCl2 = BaSO4 +: 2HCl (5) acid with alkali neutralization reaction of salt and water: H2SO4Ba (OH) 2 (BaSO4 =: white precipitate) 2H2O With hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid in common, although they have above five points (because of the cationic ionization is H +). But they have different physical and chemical properties. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. It is a mixture. Pure hydrochloric acid is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Industrial hydrochloric acid for containing impurities (Fe3 +) with yellow. Hydrochloric acid is volatile, open the bottle of concentrated hydrochloric acid to produce the white mist i