伊朗索鲁士原油常减压蒸馏常减压塔设计计算.doc

摘 要 本次设计介绍了多塔集中布置的工艺管道设计要点。对于整个塔区管道设计所涉及的部分,如:平面布置,塔基础高度的确定,塔管口方位的确定,塔联合平台的设计,附塔管道的支架设置及应力分析等方面进行了详细的分析和阐述。 原油蒸馏在炼油厂是原油首先要通过的加工装置。一般包括预处理系统（原油电脱盐）、常压分馏系统、减压分馏系统、注剂系统、轻烃回收系统（加工轻质原油且达到经济规模时一般设置轻烃回收系统）等。常压蒸馏就是在常压下对原油进行加热、气化、分馏和冷凝。如此得到各种不同沸点范围的石油馏分。常减压蒸馏是指在常压和减压条件下，根据原油中各组分的沸点不同，把原油“切割”成不同馏分的工艺过程。 常减压蒸馏装置是炼油厂原油加工的头一个工艺装置，它是采用蒸馏的方法将原油分割成不同的馏分，是炼油厂初级产品或下一工序的原料送出装置。常减压蒸馏装置的常压塔区通常包含三个塔：初馏塔、常压塔及常压汽提塔；其中初馏塔将原油中轻组分闪蒸或分馏出来，降低原油换热。通过转油线、减压炉管、进料分布器改造,提高减压塔真空度、降低减压塔压降、提高常压系统拔出率、调整减压塔取热分配等措施后,蜡油收率有所提高,蜡油残炭质量分数也有所提高。 【关键词】 常减压；初馏塔；常压塔；减压塔 Abstract This design describes the multi-tower centralized process piping layout design points. For the portion involved in the entire column region pipeline design, such as: flat arrangement, determine the height of the tower base, the tower nozzle location determine the design of the tower joint platform, attached to column pipes bracket set and stress analysis carried out a detailed analysis and elaboration. Distillation of crude oil at the refinery processing of crude oil through first device. Generally include pretreatment system (crude oil electric desalting), atmospheric distillation system, vacuum distillation system, agent injection system, the light hydrocarbon recovery system (generally set light hydrocarbon recovery system in the processing of of lightweight crude oil and to achieve economies of scale). Atmospheric distillation of crude oil under atmospheric pressure heating, vaporization, fractionation, and condensation. Thus obtained various boiling range petroleum fractions. Atmospheric and vacuum distillation under the conditions of atmospheric pressure and reduced pressure, depending on the boiling point of the respective components of the crude oil, the crude oil cut into the process of the different fractions. The crude distillation unit is a process unit, the head of the refinery crude oil processing, which is the distillation of crude oil was divided into different fractions, refinery primary product or the next step o