The Reynolds Transport Theorem Homepages （雷诺传输定理主页）.pdf

The Reynolds Transport Theorem The Reynolds Transport Theorem Leon van Dommelen 1/31/97 This document describes the Reynolds transport theorem, which converts the laws you saw previously in your physics, thermodynamics, and chemistry classes to laws in fluid mechanics. The laws of physics look somewhat different in fluid mechanics, even though they are of course still exactly the same. The difficulty is that your earlier classes always talked about a fixed quantity of fluid. For example, they told you that the mass of the fluid never changed (ignoring relativity effects). Also, Newtons second law said that the rate of change of the linear momentum of the fluid equals the total external force exerted on the fluid. And the first law of thermodynamics said that the total internal and kinetic energy of the fluid increases according to the work being done on the fluid and the heat being added to it. All these statements are only true of we consider a fixed quantity of fluid. Fluid mechanics does not usually consider the same fluid at all times. For example, fluid mechanics may consider the flow through a pipe, such as maybe the funnel-shaped pipe below. The region within the shown pipe is fixed in space and is called a control volume. The fluid in a control volume changes when fluid flows in or out. In the pipe below, fluid enters one end of the pipe and leaves at the other end. The laws of physics do not directly apply to the pipe because the fluid in the pipe at one time is not the same fluid as at another time. Figure 1:A typical control volume for flow in an funnel-shaped pipe is bounded by the pipe wall and the broken lines. /~dommelen/courses/flm/rey_tran/index.html (1 of 8)2/4/2006 1:52:57 PM The Reynolds Transport Theorem For most flows studied in flu