Thermomechanical Analysis sump4（热机械分析sump4）.pptVIP

introduction instrumentation TMA probe types TMA temperature calibration thermal expansion of aluminium printed circuit board effect of load on TMA measurements effect of cross linking on TMA penetration effect of plasticisers relationship between hardness and indentation isothermal creep measurements measurement of liquids effect of chemical structure effect of thermal history effect of orientation sample controlled thermodilatometry dynamic load TMA summary recommended reading Changes in the linear coefficient of expansion (α) of linear aromatic polyesters with increasing methylene content (from: T. H. Ng and H. L. Williams, “Thermomechanical Analysis of Linear Aromatic Polyesters,” Macromolecular Chemistry 182 (1981) pp. 3323-3330). Increasing the methylene content raises the thermal coefficient of expansion and lowers the Tg of the system. Rate controlled sintering of a ceramic under air. The rate of temperature rise is controlled by the rate of change in length over pre-set temperature ranges with a limiting maximum heating rate 2°C/min (from: D. M. Price, “Thermomechanical and Thermoelectrical Methods”, in P.J. Haines (ed.) Principles of Thermal Analysis Calorimetry, ch. 4, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (2002) in press). The compaction and sintering of high temperature refractory materials may be studied by thermomechanical analysis. It many cases it is desirable that the ceramic changes in dimensions in a uniform manner. In order to achieve this the rate of heating can be controlled by the rate of change of dimensions of the specimen. This can be done by heating the sample at a fixed heating rate and then stopping heating when the rate of change of length exceeds a certain limit. The process is allowed to continue isothermally until the rate falls below the limit and then heating is recommenced. An alternative approach is illustrated above. Here, heating takes place at a maximum fixed rate of temperature rise (2°C/min) until the rate of shrink