Transmission Line Protection Principles GE Grid （输电线路保护原理通用网格）.pdfVIP

Transmission Line Protection Principles 1. Introduction Transmission lines are a vital part of the electrical distribution system, as they provide the path to transfer power between generation and load. Transmission lines operate at voltage levels from 69kV to 765kV, and are ideally tightly interconnected for reliable operation. Factors like de-regulated market environment, economics, right- of-way clearance and environmental requirements have pushed utilities to operate transmission lines close to their operating limits. Any fault, if not detected and isolated quickly will cascade into a system wide disturbance causing widespread outages for a tightly interconnected system operating close to its limits. Transmission protection systems are designed to identify the location of faults and isolate only the faulted section . The key challenge to the transmission line protection lies in reliably detecting and isolating faults compromising the security of the system. 2. Factors Influencing line Protection The high level factors influencing line protection include the criticality of the line (in terms of load transfer and system stability), fault clearing time requirements for system stability, line length, the system feeding the line, the configuration of the line (the number of terminals, the physical construction of the line, the presence of parallel lines), the line loading, the types of communications available, and failure modes of various protection equipment. The more detailed factors for transmission line protection directly address dependability and security for a specific application. The protection system selected should provide redundancy to limit