lexicology张维友exercises.docVIP

Exercise Which of the following is NOT true? A. A word is the smallest form of a language. B. A word is a sound unity. C. A word has a given meaning. D. A word can be used freely in a sentence. Answer A Decide whether the following are true or false. 1. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view. 2. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be logically related. 3. The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form. 4. The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary. Answer T 2. F 3. T 4. T 　　 What is vocabulary? Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given subject and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history. Explain the relationship between sound and meaning with examples. Sound is the physical aspect of a word and meaning is what the sound refers to. Sound and meaning are not intrinsically related and their connection is arbitrary and conventional. For example, tree /tri:/ to 树 in Englisn because the English-speaking people have agreed to do so just as Chinese people use /sh?/ to refer to the same thing. This explains why people of different languages use different sound to express the same concept. Even I the same language, the same sound can have different meanings e.g. /rait/ can mean right, rite and write. Exercise The differences between sound and form are due to A. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English.B. stabilization of spelling by printing.C. influence of the work of scribes.D. borrowing. E. all the above. Answer E 　　　　 Of the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is A. all national character.B. stability.C. productivity.D. polysemy. E. collocability. Answer A Give a term for each of