英语定语从句与形容词性从句用法.docVIP

英语定语从句与形容词性从句用法 英语定语从句(形容词性从句)用法 一、定义： 　　定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。　关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。 　　关系代词有：who,?whom,?whose,?that,?which等。 　　关系副词有：when,?where,?why等。 　　先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 　　 Mary is a girl who has long hair 　　先行词 关系词 定语从句 　　 　　关系代词 关系副词 　　 （which, who, whom, whose, that） （where, when , why） 　　 　　二、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语(可省)；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语(可省)；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。关系词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词必须和先行词在人称和数量上保持一致。 小结: who, whom, whose(of which), that ( 指人/物), which (指物) 　　 　　 　　 　　 (主语) (宾语) (定语) 　　Where= in which (指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语) 　　When= on which（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语 　　Why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语） 　　三、关系词的选择 　　 1．首先判断先行词。 2．先行词确定后，再看关系词在从句中作什么成分，然后正确选择关系词。 　　　4．定语从句要避免成分重复 　　 5．定语从句要避免漏用先行词 　　 6．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 　　 　　These are the trees which were planted last year 　　 She is the girl who sings best of all 　　The student who answered the question is my classmate 　　The doctor whom you’r talking about has gone home 　　I know the lady whose husband works in a hospital 　　This is the letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read 　　Where is my coat which I bought this morning? 　　I have never forgotten the day when I met you 　　The is the room where he lives 　　The is no reason why you should leave 　　The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher. 　　The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. 　　 　　四、定语从句中的that, who用来指人时的用法 在下列情况下多用或须用 who ① 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who. Do you know the man who spoke just now? The doctor who treated me was very experienced. ②先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时，多用who。 All who heard the news were excited. Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished. ③先行词为those和people时多用who。 Those who want to go please sign their names here. People who