linux启动过程详解（Linux startup process detailed）.docVIP

linux启动过程详解（Linux startup process detailed） With the increasingly widespread application of Linux, especially in network applications, there are a large number of network servers using Linux operating system. Because the desktop applications of Linux still have a certain gap compared with Windows, Linux and Windows operating systems coexist and form heterogeneous networks in enterprise applications. Most of the use of Linux and Unix on the server, the Linux application is based at a single application server application, such as DNS and DHCP server, Web server, directory server, firewall, file and print servers, Intranet proxy server. The process of starting the Linux system involves many stages. Whether you are leading a standard x86 processor or a PowerPC machine, many processes are strikingly similar. This article describes the whole process of starting Linux from boot to login. (1) from BIOS to kernel BIOS self-test After the computer turns on the power, the BIOS is first tested by itself, that is, the so-called POST (Power On Self) Test) and then read the boot block from the hard disk, floppy disk, or CDROM according to the boot sequence set in the BIOS. In PC, the boot Linux starts at address 0xFFFF0 in the BIOS. The first step of the BIOS is the power on self test (POST). The job of POST is to detect hardware. The second step of the BIOS is to enumerate and initialize the local device. Given the different uses of the BIOS function, the BIOS consists of two parts: the POST code and the runtime service. When POST is complete, it is cleared from memory, but the BIOS runtime service is still in memory, and the target operating system can use them. To boot an operating system, the BIOS runtime searches the active and guided devices according to the order defined by the CMOS setting. The boot device can be a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, a partition on the hard disk, a device on the network, or even a USB flash. Typically, Linux is boot from the hard disk, where the maste